Controllers . Save this as a point (ex. Despite the vast technological advancements in equipment, the survey industry continues to struggle This could lead to problems caused by visibility. Free Station is also known as Resection. In this case they wouldn’t be good as control points anyway.Also where I’m from replaced boundary corners need to be relative to those around them (same property or adjacent) in which case using any existing corner pegs would be the way to go anyways.Yes, the accuracy of your resection is limited by the accuracy of the total station. The error effect on horizontal readings when the instrument is tilted (steep sightings) but have no effect on sightings taken when the instrument is horizontal.Like horizontal collimation error the tilting error can be eliminated by two face measurement. Any boundary type survey I do with only conventional methods I establish a baseline of two points, then locate my corners in that coordinate system. I spent 10 years working with 3" stations (and better). With 3 points, you can catch any potential error in the points, but you can’t throw out a point. Brings you the latest insights into the research & developments in the geospatial industry and academics.
=\I only like to resection off known points, for example existing control, where I have at least one point outside the resection to check. The only times we had issues was when other surveyors were lazy. Compared to resection, you are limited to a given point to set up the instrument. In theory this should give you better results at your resected station than would be possible by setting up and backsighting on any pair of points.Geo-referencing after the fact is possible but the more you can do in the field the better - saving work down the line and making what you do more relevant!A great place for Land Surveyors to get together and share tips and tricks from the field. This is very common in engineering works, where "north" will be defined by the direction the building is facing, so that the majority of the walls are on 0/90/180/360. FWIW, I worked railway and we chased >5mm on every shot, and got it 99% of the time.Yea I was really confused when I first read the OP, I'm a bit in the boonies and while I've seen your fancy built in GPS total stations, I've never used anything newer than Topcon GPT 3k series. Do it at least 3 times. The on-board software then apply a correction for each measured horizontal angles reading automatically.Image Source: Lecture Series by Trinity College DublinThe catch is here if the deviation of line of sight from actual line of sight exceeds more than a desired value, the instrument must be send to service centre or manufacturer for manual calibration.Tilting axis or tilt error is the error when the axis to the total station is not perpendicular to the vertical axis or plumb line. Get Location of the total station by measuring distance and angles to known points (back sights). In surveying, free stationing (also known as resection) is a method of determining a location of one unknown point in relation to known points. Not so much for large layout work when you can't come directly off the network.Also, pre-planning your preliminary angles makes a difference. - Existing points with known coordinates are marked in green (points 1, 2). Also would it not be a good option if possible on any particular total station to measure angle and distance [using laser] between two random unknown points thus generating local co-ordinates and then orient itself, then later I can geo-reference in CAD environment. GIS Resources is a global platform, for latest and high-quality information source for the geospatial industry, brings you the latest insights into the developments in geospatial science and technology. Also, you could accidentally “flip” the setup 180 degrees. This error can’t be eliminated by taking two face (face left and face right) readings unlike the horizontal collimation error.If the instrument is fitted with a compensator it will measure residual tilts of the instrument and will apply corrections to the horizontal and vertical angles for these.Image Source: Lecture Series by Trinity College DublinHowever all compensators will have a longitudinal error l and traverse error t known as zero point errors. Free Station with 2 known points (back sights): - 1 new point (station) with unknown coordinates are marked in red (point 3). This means that you can drop "incorrect" points from your resection and you can distribute the error between all three. Leveling the Total Station ... Resection initializes the X,Y,Z coordinates of the instrument. If they are not control quality, your new point will have a larger error ellipse.I knew a guy who thought resecting off points that were established by resections was ok because he knew what he was doing. Of course, if you don't need it to be in the same co-ordiante system as other work, you can do the whole survey in an arbitrary system. GIS Resources is an initiative of Spatial Media and Services Enterprises with the purpose that everyone can enrich their knowledge and develop competitiveness. In some instances, this might be preferable.I have always had the question that since I know that the accuracy of those device is poor, wouldn't that influence the result.Ah... What? Achieve the highest accuracy and reliability with our productive total stations that provide superb angle and distance technology and a powerful suite of onboard Apps. If you can't model that, throw in a 4th point to constrain your position.Each time I've been on a team where we had to survey a small private parcel of land, resection is done by taking co-ordinates of two or three points near the plot, then those co-ordinates act as known points for station orientation.Yup, the resection will give you a co-ordinate quality for each of your resected control points and a quality for your occupied point.
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